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APA ITU AUTISME


sekarang forbiana mau alih profesi jadi analis (hehehe....... :D) dalam kaus eh kasus awal ini akan mengangkat penyebab orang setress ..
sementara dalam keadaan kepepet manusia terkadang sering berbuat konyol ,sering melakukan hal hal yang aneh apa benar ?? ketidak sadaran mereka dikeranakan oleh sebab masalah yang dihadapi..............mau tau .....???

ternyata tidak semua hal keanehan tersebut berasal dari masalah yang dihadapi dalam tulisan ini akan di singgung masalah AUTISME yukkkkk baca .......

1.Definisi Autisme

Kanner (Djohan, 2003) mengemukakan bahwa autisme berasal dari bahasa Yunani yaitu “autos” atau “sendiri” yang diartikan memiliki keanehan dalam bersosialisasi dengan dunia di luar dirinya. Banyak penderita dengan sindrom ini memiliki inteligensi rata-rata atau sering kali juga di atas rata-rata, tetapi umumnya mereka sudah didiskreditkan sejak awal.

Kartono dan Gulo (2003) mendefinisikan autisme sebagai kecenderungan pikiran-pikiran dan persepsi seseorang yang dipengaruhi oleh hasrat dan keinginannya serta dalam fantasi dan khayalan-khayalannya, dimana kenyataan objektif tidak terlihat karena adanya kecenderungan melihat dunia secara subjektif.

Sufehmi (2006) mengartikan autisme sebagai cacat pada perkembangan syaraf dan psikis manusia, baik sejak janin dan seterusnya, yang menyebabkan kelemahan dalam berinteraksi sosial, kemampuan berkomunikasi, perbedaan pola minat dan tingkah laku. Autisme cukup luas dan mencakup banyak hal.

Raka (2006) mendefinisikan autisme sebagai kumpulan gejala perilaku yang bervariasi pada setiap anak. Gangguan perilaku dapat berupa kurangnya interaksi sosial, penghindaran kontak mata, kesulitan dalam mengembangkan bahasa dan pengulangan tingkah laku. Utami (2001) mengemukakan bahwa autisme atau yang sering juga disebut dengan kelainan autis merupakan kelainan yang terjadi pada jaringan otak, dimana anak-anak penderita kelainan ini biasanya menunjukkan perilaku “tak peduli” pada lingkungan dan orang-orang di sekitarnya.

Chaplin (2002) mendefinisikan autisme sebagai cara berpikir yang dikendalikan oleh kebutuhan personal atau diri sendiri, dimana penderita menanggapi dunia berdasarkan penglihatan dan harapan sendiri dan menolak realitas, serta keasyikan ekstrim dengan pikiran dan fantasi sendiri. Anak autistik adalah anak dengan kecenderungan diam dan suka menyendiri yang ekstrim. Anak autistik bisa duduk serta bermain-main selama berjam-jam lamanya dengan jari-jarinya sendiri atau dengan serpihan-serpihan kertas. Tampaknya anak tersebut tenggelam dalam satu dunia fantasi batiniah sendiri. Autisme merupakan suatu kecatatan perkembangan yang dengan mantap mempengaruhi komunikasi lisan dan non lisan serta interaksi sosial pada usia di bawah 3 tahun yang berdampak pada perolehan pendidikan anak, dimana anak tersebut sering melakukan pengulangan aktifitas, penolakan terhadap perubahan lingkungan atau perubahan rutinitas harian dan tanggapan yang tidak lazim terhadap perasaan (Tanpa Nama, 2005).

Berdasarkan uraian di atas, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa autisme merupakan kecenderungan perilaku pada anak, dimana anak tersebut kurang dalam berinteraksi sosial, menghindari kontak mata, kesulitan dalam mengembangkan bahasa, sering mengulang tingkah lakunya serta kecenderungan melihat dunia secara subjektif dan menolak realitas.

2.Gejala-gejala Autisme

Gejala-gejala anak autisme dapat timbul sejak lahir dan anak tidak pernah mengalami perkembangan perilaku yang normal. Namun ada juga anak yang sejak lahir tampak normal dan baru pada usia sekitar 2 tahun terjadi hambatan perkembangan pada perilakunya dan bahkan kemudian terjadi kemunduran (regresi).

Handojo (2003) mengemukakan beberapa karakteristik yang dimiliki oleh penyandang autisme, yaitu sebagai berikut:

a.Selektif berlebihan terhadap rangsangan

b.Kurangnya motivasi untuk menjelajahi dunia baru

c.Respon stimulasi diri sehingga mengganggu interaksi sosial

d.Respon unik terhadap imbalan, khususnya imbalan dari stimulasi diri. Anak merasa mendapatkan imbalan berupa hasil penginderaan terhadap perilaku stimulasi dirinya, baik berupa gerakan maupun berupa suara. Hal ini menyebabkan dirinya selalu mengulang perilakunya secara khas.

Handojo (2003) juga mengemukakan beberapa gejala autisme masa kanak berdasarkan kriteria DSM-IV, yaitu sebagai berikut:

a.Harus ada sedikitnya 6 dari (1), (2) dan (3), dengan minimal 2 gejala dari (1) dan masing-masing gejala dari (2) dan (3).

1. Gangguan kualitatif dalam interaksi sosial yang timbal balik. Minimal harus ada 2 gejala dari gejala-gejala di bawah ini: a)Tidak mampu menjalin interaksi sosial yang cukup memadai: kontak mata sangat kurang, ekspresi muka kurang hidup, gerak-gerik yang kurang tertuju. b)Tidak bisa bermain dengan teman sebaya. c)Tidak dapat merasakan apa yang dirasakan orang lain d)Kurangnya hubungan sosial dan emosional yang timbal balik.
2. Gangguan kualitatif dalam bidang komunikasi seperti ditunjukkan oleh minimal satu dari gejala-gejala di bawah ini: a)Bicara terlambat atau bahkan sama sekali tidak berkembang (dan tidak ada usaha untuk mengimbangi komunikasi dengan cara lain tanpa bicara). b)Jika bisa bicara, bicaranya tidak dipakai untuk komunikasi. c)Sering menggunakan bahasa yang aneh dan diulang-diulang. d)Cara bermain kurang variatif, kurang imajinatif dan kurang bisa meniru.
3. Suatu pola yang dipertahankan dan diulang-ulang dari perilaku, minat dan kegiatan. Sedikitnya harus ada satu dari gejala di bawah ini: a)Mempertahankan satu minat atau lebih dengan cara yang sangat khas dan berlebih-lebihan. b)Terpaku pada suatu gerakan yang ritualistik yang tidak ada gunanya. c)Ada gerakan-gerakan aneh yang khas dan diulang-ulang. d)Seringkali sangat terpukau pada bagian-bagian benda.

b.Sebelum berumur 3 tahun tampak adanya keterlambatan atau gangguan dalam bidang:

1. Interaksi sosial
2. Bicara dan berbahasa
3. Cara bermain yang kurang imajinatif

c.Bukan disebabkan oleh Sindroma Rett atau Gangguan Disintegratif Masa Kanak

3.Penyebab-penyebab Autisme

Hingga kini, belum terdeteksi faktor tunggal yang menjadi penyebab timbulnya gangguan autisme (Tanpa Nama, 2006). Namun demikian, terdapat beberapa teori yang dimungkinkan menjadi penyebab timbulnya autisme, yaitu sebagai berikut:

a.Teori Psikososial

Beberapa ahli seperti Kanner dan Bettelhem menganggap autisme sebagai akibat hubungan yang dingin atau tidak akrab antara orang tua (terutama ibu) dengan anak. Dengan demikian dikatakan bahwa orang tua atau pengasuh yang emosional, kaku, obsesif, tidak hangat bahkan dingin, dapat menyebabkan anak asuhnya menjadi autistik.

b.Teori Biologis

1)Faktor genetik, dimana keluarga yang terdapat anak autisme memiliki resiko yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan populasi keluarga normal.

2)Prenatal, natal dan postnatal, yaitu pendarahan pada masa kehamilan awal, obat-obatan, tangis bayi terlambat, gangguan pernapasan dan anemia.

3)Neuro anatomi, yaitu gangguan atau disfungsi pada sel-sel otak selama dalam kandungan yang mungkin disebabkan terjadinya gangguan oksigenasi, perdarahan atau infeksi.

4)Struktur dan biokimiawi, yaitu kelainan pada cerebellum dengan sel-sel purkinje yang jumlahnya terlalu sedikit, padahal sel-sel purkinje mempunyai kandungan serotonin yang tinggi. Demikian juga kemungkinan tingginya kandungan dapomin atau opioid dalam darah.

c.Keracunan Logam Berat Keracunan logam berat umumnya terjadi pada anak yang tinggal di dekat tambang batu bara dan sebagainya.

d.Gangguan Pencernaan, Pendengaran dan Penglihatan Berdasarkan data yang ada, 60% anak autis mempunyai sistem pencernaan kurang sempurna dan kemungkinan timbulnya gejala autistik disebabkan karena adanya gangguan dalam pendengaran dan penglihatan.

Sufehmi (2006) juga menyebutkan beberapa hal yang dicurigai berpotensi menyebabkan anak menderita autisme, yaitu sebagai berikut:

a.Vaksin yang mengandung thimerosal Thimerosal adalah zat pengawet yang digunakan pada berbagai vaksin. Karena banyaknya kritikan, kini banyak negara maju yang memproduksi vaksin tanpa menggunakan thimerosal

b.Televisi Semakin maju suatu negara, biasanya interaksi antara orang tua-anak semakin berkurang karena berbagai hal. Sebagai kompensasinya, seringkali TV digunakan sebagai penghibur anak. Ternyata terdapat kemungkinan bahwa TV bisa menjadi penyebab autisme pada anak, terutama yang menjadi jarang bersosialisasi karenanya.

c.Makanan Berbagai zat kimia yang terdapat pada makanan modern (misalnya pengawet, pewarna dan lain-lain) dicurigai menjadi penyebab autisme pada beberapa kasus. Hal ini didasarkan pada penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Dr. Feingold yang melakukan terapi diet terhadap beberapa pasiennya yang menderita autis. Ketika zat-zat kimia tersebut dihilangkan dari makanan para penderita autisme, banyak yang mengalami peningkatan situasi secara drastis.

d.Radiasi pada janin bayi Sebuah riset dalam skala besar di Swedia menunjukkan bahwa bayi yang terkena gelombang ultrasonik berlebihan akan cenderung menjadi kidal. Dengan makin banyaknya radiasi di sekitar kita, ada kemungkinan radiasi juga berperan menyebabkan autisme. Sehingga, sebaiknya wanita menghindari USG jika tidak perlu.

e.Folic Acid Zat ini biasanya diberikan pada wanita hamil untuk mencegah cacat fisik pada janin dan hasilnya memang cukup nyata. Tingkat cacat pada janin menurun hingga sebesar 30%, namun di lain pihak tingkat autisme juga meningkat.

f.Sekolah lebih awal Hal ini memang mengejutkan, namun terdapat beberapa penelitian yang menunjukkan bahwa menyekolahkan anak lebih awal (preschool) dapat memicu rekasi autisme. Diperkirakan bayi yang memiliki bakat autisme sebetulnya bisa sembuh atau membaik dengan berada dalam lingkupan orang tuanya. Namun, karena justru dipindahkan ke lingkungan asing yang berbeda (sekolah playgroup/preschool), maka beberapa anak jadi mengalami shock dan bakat autismenya menjadi muncul dengan sangat jelas.

4.Perkembangan Bahasa pada Anak Autis

Keluhan utama dari orang tua yang memiliki anak dengan ciri-ciri autistik adalah keterlambatan bicara atau bahkan belum bicara sama sekali. Banyak orang tua beranggapan jika anaknya bisa bicara maka 99% masalah anak akan terselesaikan. Ginanjar (Tanpa Nama, 2002) mengemukakan bahwa hal yang lebih penting adalah pemahaman anak terhadap bahasa dan kemampuan untuk berkomunikasi secara dua arah. Banyak anak autis yang mampu bicara, namun sebenarnya belum mampu memiliki pemahaman yang baik tentang apa yang mereka ucapkan dan diucapkan oleh orang lain. Tidak jarang anak autis yang bisa lancar mendeskripsikan sesuatu, menghapal lagu, meniru jingle iklan, membaca dengan baik, namun gagal ketika diajak tanya jawab mengenai kejadian sehari-hari. Sehingga, anak autis yang dapat berbicara belum tentu memiliki pemahaman bahasa yang baik serta dapat berbicara dengan benar. Sebagian anak autis tidak dapat berkomunikasi baik dengan verbal maupun nonverbal. Biasanya mereka tidak dapat mengkomunikasikan perasaan maupun keinginan, sukar memahami kata-kata atau bahasa orang lain, sebaliknya kata-kata mereka sukar dipahami maknanya, berbicara sangat lambat, berbicara bukan untuk berkomunikasi, suka bergumam, dapat menghapal kata-kata atau nyanyian tanpa mengenali arti dan konteksnya, perkembangan bahasa sangat lambat bahkan sering tidak tampak dan komunikasi terkadang dilakukan dengan cara menarik-narik tangan orang lain untuk menyampaikan keinginannya (Tanpa Nama, 2006).

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100 Best Health Care Policy Blogs

Whether you want to participate in the debate over universal health care or unfair health insurance policies and workers' comp, or if you you'd just like to learn more about the issues and legislation that affect the cost and quality of the health care your family receives, you've probably tried turning to the Internet for help. Unfortunately, it can be overwhelming to track down the exact kind of information you need without getting distracted, frustrated or even just lost. If you need a little more direction to help you with your search, check out our list of 100 of the best health care policy blogs online, where you can read up on public health, geriatric care, disease management, politics and legislation, and even the business of health care and pharmaceuticals.


Pediatrics

Here you'll find information about vaccines, medical marketing and other issues that surround pediatric care and policy.

1. Healthy Kids: Learn about free screenings, medical marketing, and other pediatric news here.
2. Dr. Tapas' Pediatric Blog: In addition to helping parents understand their children's symptoms and diseases, this blog "also discuss[es] issues surrounding pediatrics in an effort to aid parents in understanding how these issues will affect their children."
3. Dr. Gwenn is In: Dr. Gwenn is a pediatrician who blogs about everything from recalls to medical community news to childhood obesity to women's health.
4. Vaccine Awakening: Learn all about childhood vaccines, vaccine risks and the government's role in enforcing vaccines.
5. Saying No to Vaccines: This anti-vaccination blog reveals risks associated with vaccines and reports on lawsuits and court cases dealing with vaccines.

Ethics

Learn more about the ethics codes in hospitals and in the greater health care industry here.

6. Healthcare Blogger Code of Ethics: This is the website that evaluates medical blogs online.
7. Medical Ethics: Stuart Laidlaw of the Toronto Star writes posts like "Who gets treatment?" and "Access to health care."
8. Bioethics Discussion Blog: Learn about and participate in the bioethics debate here.
9. Health Care Organizational Ethics: This blog considers "the ethics of health care organizations and the wider health system."
10. Global Bioethics Blog: This blog reports on bioethics and medical research ethics around the world.
11. Health Care Renewal: This blog tries to hold accountable those who abuse the health care system.

Senior Care and Life Care

For information about geriatrics, Medicare, assisted living, disease management and chronic illnesses and the policies and laws they influence, turn to this list.

12. Disease Management Care Blog: Get news, stats, research finds and analysis of health issues like primary care, pay for performance, disease management, and health insurance.
13. The Senior Care Market: After browsing posts in this blog, consider how the booming senior care business impacts health policy.
14. Senior Care Notes: Learn about the business of the senior care industry here.
15. The Geriatrics Blog: Modern Medicine's Geriatrics page covers everything from the future of the niche industry to specific diseases to long-term care investments.
16. The Geriatric Patient: Elderly patients can turn to this site to learn more about the issues affecting their care.
17. Quality of Life Care: Learn about end-of-life care, life care resources and trends for baby boomers and more.
18. Pallimed: Read all about hospice care and palliative medicine on this blog, which also covers topics in health care ethics, coverage and policy.
19. Alliance for Aging Research Blog: Learn about new studies, cures, drugs and policies affecting geriatrics medical research.
20. SeniorCareMarketer.com: Recent posts in this blog include "Marketing to Boomers: Don't Stereotype" and "New Report: Trends and Best Practices for Marketing to the Senior Care Industry."

Politics, Legislation and Law

This list contains blogs all about health care laws and how they fit into the political system.

21. Health Care Law Blog: Read up on health care ethics, legislation, privacy issues, business and more.
22. Health Beat: Check this blog frequently for great pieces about the inner workings of the health care industry, as well as reports on legislations and issues affecting health care.
23. HealthBlawg: This health care law blog posts about lawsuits, legislation, managed care, Medicare, and more.
24. Each Patient Counts: The Massachusetts Medical Society uses this blog as a venue for posting about legislation, Congress' rulings on health care-related bills and more.
25. Health Law Prof: Read about health care issues and health law, from consumer behavior to insurance to exams and screenings to politics.
26. Health Commentary with Dr. Mike Magee: Dr. Mike Magee blogs about research, environmental health, patient advocacy, health care reform and a lot more.

Health Care and Business

Health care policies can be influenced by and can directly affect the business of health care. Learn about new technologies, systems and marketing campaigns in the health care industry here.

27. Health Business Blog: Read about the pharmaceutical industry, investments in prevention and more.
28. WSJ Health Blog: The Wall Street Journal's Health Blog reports on the business of the health care industry, as well as legislations and trends in health care.
29. Health Care Policy and Marketplace Review: Read posts about federal health care policies and health care consumers, health plans, pharmaceuticals and more.
30. Health Policy and Communications Blog: This blogger aims to discuss the health care system by analyzing its effect on and response to the economy.
31. Healthcare Economist: Find out how all health care issues, from maternal health to geriatrics to medical research, affect the economy.
32. Health Care Policy, Innovation and Renewal: This blog challenges the American health care system to become more efficient and quality-driven, "in an era of globalization, rising free market dynamics" and other changes.
33. Healthcare Today: Read about consumer culture in the health care system, reimbursement, health care politics, insurance, ethics and other issues surrounding the business of health care.

International Health Care

Find out about what's being done to improve health care policies in other countries like India, Africa and more.

34. World Health Care Blog: Recent posts from this blog include "Disease Management's Ace in the Hole" and "Health Care Challenges in the Post-American World."
35. The TIME Global Health Blog: Browse the archives to learn about global health policies, bird flu, TB, malaria, HIV and more.
36. International HIA Blog: Here, you can get "the latest news and views on Health Impact Assessment (HIA) and discussing policy and practice internationally."
37. The International Medical Marketplace: Read this blog to gain insight into how the business of health care around the world affects American health policies, treatments and trends.
38. Global Health Policy: The Center for Global Development fuels the discussion about global health policies, AIDS and more in this blog.
39. IH-Blog: APHA's international health blog writes about population growth, health policies, trade, and "stories from the field."
40. Global Health Report: Journalist Christine Gorman explores "what needs to happen next in global health" in her blog.

Drugs/Pharma

Sneak a peek into the world of the pharmaceutical industry by reading these blogs.

41. Hooked: Ethics, Medicine and Pharma: This blog analyzes the medical research and pharmaceutical industries by discussing sponsorship, projects taken on by Congress and more.
42. Eye on FDA: Find out what the FDA is currently up to when you check out this blog.
43. Pharma Marketing Blog: Visit this blog for the latest in the business of pharmaceuticals.
44. Pharma Gossip: Read about drug company alliances, pharma investments and more.
45. Pharmaceutical Engineering: Recent posts cover FDA probes, the UK pharma industry and growth in the U.S. prescription drug market.
46. MedAd News: This blog will teach you about the ins and outs of drug marketing.
47. The Pharmaceutical Marketing Blog: This is "the source for pharma markeing" news and trends.
48. FDA Law Blog: Learn all about health care law and pharma law as it relates to the FDA here.
49. Rx Blog: This "drug news and pharmaceutical information blog" can help you better understand how pharmaceuticals play a role in health care policy.
50. Pharmalot: This blog will help you understand court cases that center around pharmaceutical companies and the FDA.

Free/Affordable/Universal Health Care

Join the debate on universal health care and the health care crisis in America by reading these blogs.

51. In America, No One Should Go Without Health Care: Get the facts about America's health care system here, while you watch videos, get news from the AFL-CIO, and learn about health care reform.
52. We Don't Need Insurance, We Need Guaranteed Health Care: Learn about which candidates and sponsors support universal health care, read analysis and articles by nurses and other medical professionals, and more.
53. Health Care for All: The Campaign for America's Future network publishes posts from various authors who write about health care reform and the American health care industry.
54. Coverage for All: This site, from the Foundation for Health Coverage Education, shares information about different health coverage programs, news reports about health care policies and insurance, and more.
55. Common Health: The articles on this blog discuss coverage, cost, health care reform and related topics.

Nursing, Physicians and Hospitals

For insight into how nurses and doctors view health care policies, turn to these blogs.

56. Hospital Impact: This blogger asks, "what will it take for our hospitals to be the best run organizations on the face of the planet?"
57. Nick's Blog: The President and CEO of Windber Research Institute and Windber Medical Center blogs about quality of care, hospital bullies, Medicare and more.
58. Wachter's World: Get an inside look at hospitals' efforts to promote quality, patient safety and efficiency.
59. Healthcare Collaboration: Read about the campaign to improve doctor-hospital relations here.
60. Our Own System: This blog considers why the nursing shortage is so dangerous to the health care system.

Official Organizations

Visit the blogs from official health care policy organizations like The Policy Journal of the Health Sphere.

61. SCOTUS Blog: Keep track of any health care policy cases that make it to the Supreme
Court by checking this blog.

62. Health Affairs: This is the blog for The Policy Journal of the Health Sphere. Recent posts
tackle HIV/AIDS outbreaks in India and China, recipients of government health care
spending, and the business of health care.


Medicare/Medicaid

Older patients and those helping to take care of elderly friends and family members can learn about the confusing Medicare and Medicaid policies here.

63. Piper Report: Learn all about Medicare and Medicaid here.
64. Medicare News Blog: Read up on Medicare coverage and cases in hospitals and hospice.
65. Medicare Part D Blog: Find out what drugs are covered and which are not, tips on
enrollment, and more.

66. Florida Medicaid: Subscribe to this feed to get updates and reports about Medicaid.
67. Hospice Blog: Hospice Blog frequently brings Medicare and Medicaid discussions to the
table.


Health Insurance and Coverage

Learn more about the health insurance crisis by reading these blogs.

68. InsureBlog: Gain insight into the world of health insurance, health savings accounts and
more in this blog.

69. Workers Comp Insider: Learn about the policies, risks and business associated with workers
comp by reading this blog.

70. RiskProf: Get the lowdown on which laws and issues affect health insurance and liability.
71. Managed Care Matters: Managed Care Matters explores health care policy, insurance trends,
medical research and more to make sense of the insurance mess.

72. Insurance Industry Blog: This is the blog for the Insurance Information Institute, and
visitors will learn about health education, technology and other issues that affect insurance.

73. The New Health Dialogue: This blog tackles health insurance coverage, health care plans, and
the quality of health care.

74. Speaking of Outreach: Learn about dental insurance, health care reform, subsidized heatlh
care and other health policy issues here.

75. Health Insurance Blog: Learn about insurance reform, state legislation, and other health care
issues in this blog.

76. Health Insurance Blog: About.com's Kelly Montgomery shares her knowledge about
navigating health insurance reform, claims disputes, policies, confusing terms and more.

77. The Coverage Corner: Learn about discounts, local and state campaigns to make health
insurance more accessible, and insurance technology.


Sexual Health

From birth control to abortions to AIDS and STDs, sexual health policy is a major issue today.

78. Sexual Health: Sex Matters: WebMD's Dr. Louanne Cole Weston answers all kinds of sex
questions here.

79. Men's Sexual Health Blog: Get reports on research studies, legislation and other sexual
health issues for men.

80. Kinsey Confidential: Learn about sex education programs, sex health policy, pregnancy,
contraception and more here.

81. The Women's Sexual Health Foundation Blog: Get the lowdown on new sexual health meds,
pelvic fitness and more.

82. Birth Control Buzz: Read about adenomyosis, babies by design, eco-friendly birth control and
more topics about birth control.

83. Birth Control Watch: This pro-choice blog tracks legislation, campaigns, and news about all
types of birth control.

84. National Abortion Federation Blog: Learn about lawsuits, abortion cases and state and
federal legislation about abortion on this blog.


Public Health

These blogs feature articles about everything dealing with public health, including the FDA and the tobacco industry.

85. Dr. Buttery's Public Health Blog: Recent posts cover the FDA, chronic diseases, health
insurance and sex education.

86. Genetics and Health: Learn more about genetics and diseases here.
87. Health Mongers: This student-led blog tackles topics like research, public health reform, and
more.

88. The Rest of the Story: Tobacco News Analysis and Commentary: Learn all about the tobacco
industry and how it relates to public health.

89. Stayin' Alive: Join in the "discussion of public health and health care policy, from a public
health perspective" by reading, commenting and writing to Congress, as the blog encourages.

90. Impact Analysis: Read analysis about environmental health here.
91. U.S. Food Policy: Understand how organic living, the economy and U.S. food policies also
affect public health.


General Health Policy and Reform

Discover what these bloggers are doing to improve the health care industry.

92. Health Wonk Review: Visit this site to get summaries and analyses of stories posted on all the other health care policy blogs.
93. DB's Medical Rants: Read this professional's rants and reviews of the health care system.
94. Retired Doc's Thoughts: This retired doctor shares his thoughts and insight on health policy, government interference, pharmaceuticals and more.
95. Let's Talk Health Care: This online community is run by Charlie Baker, President and CEO of Harvard Pilgrim. In his blog, Baker discusses health care quality, cost effectiveness, reform, coverage, alternative medicine and Medicare.
96. Change Now 4 Health: This network encourages readers and members to "help fix the health care system" through innovation.
97. Future Healthcare: To get the most out of this website, choose a focus area like patient safety, future surgery, IT security or supply chain management.
98. PHMI Blog: Partners Harvard Medical International's blog covers all kinds of health news and policy updates.
99. The Alan Katz Health Care Reform Blog: Katz, a former president of the National Association of Health Underwriters and the California Association of Health Underwriters blogs about health care reform.
100. AFL-CIO NOW Blog: This blog often covers public health issues and health care reform.

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Top 10 Reasons to Smile

Smiling is a great way to make yourself stand out while helping your body to function better. Smile to improve your health, your stress level, and your attractiveness. Smiling is just one fun way to live longer read about the others and try as many as you can.

Note: Stay up-to-date on longevity and anti-aging with my weekly newsletter.
1. Smiling Makes Us Attractive
We are drawn to people who smile. There is an attraction factor. We want to know a smiling person and figure out what is so good. Frowns, scowls and grimaces all push people away -- but a smile draws them in.
2. Smiling Changes Our Mood
Next time you are feeling down, try putting on a smile. There's a good chance you mood will change for the better. Smiling can trick the body into helping you change your mood.

3. Smiling Is Contagious
When someone is smiling they lighten up the room, change the moods of others, and make things happier. A smiling person brings happiness with them. Smile lots and you will draw people to you.
4. Smiling Relieves Stress
Stress can really show up in our faces. Smiling helps to prevent us from looking tired, worn down, and overwhelmed. When you are stressed, take time to put on a smile. The stress should be reduced and you'll be better able to take action.
5. Smiling Boosts Your Immune System
Smiling helps the immune system to work better. When you smile, immune function improves possibly because you are more relaxed. Prevent the flu and colds by smiling.
6. Smiling Lowers Your Blood Pressure
When you smile, there is a measurable reduction in your blood pressure. Give it a try if you have a blood pressure monitor at home. Sit for a few minutes, take a reading. Then smile for a minute and take another reading while still smiling. Do you notice a difference?
7. Smiling Releases Endorphins, Natural Pain Killers and Serotonin
Studies have shown that smiling releases endorphins, natural pain killers, and serotonin. Together these three make us feel good. Smiling is a natural drug.
8. Smiling Lifts the Face and Makes You Look Younger
The muscles we use to smile lift the face, making a person appear younger. Don't go for a face lift, just try smiling your way through the day -- you'll look younger and feel better.
9. Smiling Makes You Seem Successful
Smiling people appear more confident, are more likely to be promoted, and more likely to be approached. Put on a smile at meetings and appointments and people will react to you differently.
10. Smiling Helps You Stay Positive
Try this test: Smile. Now try to think of something negative without losing the smile. It's hard. When we smile our body is sending the rest of us a message that "Life is Good!" Stay away from depression, stress and worry by smiling.
More Fun Ways to Live Longer

Read More “Top 10 Reasons to Smile”  »»

WHAT'S THE BEST METAL DETECTOR

Thoughts on equipment selection from a national expert!

Each and every day I am asked -- "Tell me which detector is the best detector made?" I think that is a fair question, considering that when people buy a metal detector, they will be spending considerably more than $1.98! There is, however, a basic flaw in the question. The question should be modified to ask "Tell me which is the best detector for me?" This last question is best answered with a series of questions.


Have you ever used a detector before? If this is a first detector for you, then you should consider your usual purchasing habits as they relate to other items. Do you generally buy top of the line products with a lot of features, or do you like simplicity? A good example might be a camera. Do you like a "point and shoot" type, or do you like to be able to make a lot of adjustments? Think of this when looking at detectors.

How much money have you budgeted for this detector and how much time do you expect to devote to this sport? These two issues should be considered together. If you plan to detect many hours a week, you probably will want to have a detector with more electronic features than if you plan to spend an occasional few hours at the shore or in a park. The price of a metal detector will increase in relationship to the number of features it has. You can have a lot of fun with a basic detector but, if you expect extensive use and don't get enough features in your detector, you will be out shopping again before you know it.

Have you considered the cost of the accessory equipment you will need for use along with it? Aside from the price of the detector, you will need to buy some of the following items, such as a headphone with volume controls, trowels, beach scoops, a coil cover and a detector bag. Good headphones are especially important since they extend the sound of the signal, make your detector's batteries last longer, and keep the beeping from annoying others. There is no better, nor more comfortable metal detecting headphone than the Depthmaster Superphone.

Where do you plan to use this detector? There are different types of detectors for coins and jewelry, for relics, for prospecting and for use in the water. Some detectors can overlap in their application, but generally they are special purpose.

Nowadays, the most common type of detector purchased is a general purpose coin, jewelry, and relic detector. This will have a discrimination adjustment and sensitivity control at the very least. All detectors have waterproof coils. (But remember, if you fall into the drink with a land detector, you're out of luck!) Additional features, may include various types of meter displays, a manual ground balancing adjustment and more sophisticated discrimination adjustments called "notch." Some detectors may be micro-processor controlled.

There are detectors which are intended primarily for use at the shore or in the water. This type of detector will not have a meter display and targets will be found via the audio signal. This allows fewer openings in the control box, because the most important fact of life in a beach detector is that it doesn't leak!

Detectors intended for prospecting gold or silver frequently will have no discrimination and always require manual ground balancing or ground tracking for best results. The frequencies of these detectors are the most appropriate for locating precious metal ores. If you want to have a dual purpose prospecting/coin shooting detector, look for a prospecting detector with discrimination.

There is one other type of detector which is used for extreme depth situations. These are called "two box detectors" and they have limited general purpose use. Detectorists who use this type of equipment are looking for a cache, veins of ore, or pipes or cables.

What kind of physical shape are you in? Metal detectors can have very different configurations, and can therefore be a different physical experience for each person. Some detectors can be taken off the pole, and hung from the waist or other parts of the body, while others cannot. Some people prefer a good hefty solid feel to their detector, and some look for the lightest weight possible. What is best for your friend, may in fact be totally inappropriate for you. Remember to think about how you will feel after several hours of metal detecting.

Investigate new detectors before you assume that the purchase of an older used detector is a good deal. You may be pleasantly surprised at the many features new entry level detectors have for a very reasonable price. You don't want to end up with someone else's castoff if you could have a new detector for a comparable price.
While you are agonizing over the selection of a detector, the following fact should be kept in mind. Don't worry too much. If it turns out you like the activity and get "hooked," the first detector you purchase will not be your last!

Read More “WHAT'S THE BEST METAL DETECTOR”  »»

Insult or Dishonest

True or False .....?


we often hear words such as words and also insult honest we might even get all the meaning of those words
but whether we are conscious when we are told by someone a while (eg, stupid, ugly not even educated) what action we?
most people will feel insulted because the word of the word but if we want to know dirikita own and we would like to edit shortage is also likely that people say things before it is fair and what they say is true that in the dirikita there are things that are referred to ........ conclusion not susceptive okay .. I hope this paper is useful

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how to maintain eye health


1. What is Eyes ......??

Mata is one of the senses of the human body is very complex to work & vision. Although its function for human life is important, but often less terperhatikan, so many diseases that attack the eyes not treated properly & causing disturbances of vision to blindness.

To prevent blindness, it is to crash each time in the eyes, consult with doctors flee langganannya. Also recommended for eyes examined each year to the doctor, together with the routine health checks in general. So, the doctor may treat early & avoid the more severe the disease for interference-interference that occurs in the eyes that can disrupt the activity to cause blindness. Routine eye examination can be performed more frequently in those with a family history of eye diseases such as high pressure eyeball (glukoma) or cataracts at a young age.
Disturbances of vision are the most commonly experienced is dim, can be a dim distant, farsighted that usually experienced by those aged above 40 years old, or a mixture of both. All kinds of dim eye on its core focus is the interference of reflection to see. Rabun can be overcome by using glass eyes or contact lenses.
Dim addition, disturbances of vision that is often experienced astigmatism, the aberration in the eye so that light emission from the 1 point 1 does not fall on the point of focus, which causes sight to become blurred. Astigmatism can be corrected with eye glass or contact lenses.
Rabun & astigmatism can also be treated with the advances in technology that can edit aberration eye surgery with the use refraktif ray laser (LASIK) by the ophthalmologist, so that people with astigmatism can dim & free from the use of glass eyes or contact lenses.



2. How to Maintain Healthy Eyes?

WHEN is a lot more children who have been using since small glasses. In fact, in addition to genetic factors, eating patterns and how to read is the eye health.

Therefore, parents should be looking at nutrition and vitamins consumed, and looking at their reading habits.

Research been done by dr Vidyapati Mangunkusumo SPM, the headline Refraksi Section Faculty of Medicine, The University of Indonesia shows, from 300 school children in urban areas, 15 percent of them experienced refraksi difference. In fact, in rural areas only 11 percent.

Vidyapati that found in the work space in the eye FKUI Jakarta that is refraksi refraction. Refraksi interruption or interference will result in dim refraction, can be remote (Miopia) or near (hipermetropia).

Rabun far, according to Vidyapati, is the focus of the ball only able to see close objects, but when you see the blurred objects located far away. Miopia aberration that is generally revealed by their parents (genetic) found that many children at early school age.

The cause of dim far farraginous: can korneanya because too convex so that shadow rays are not exactly fall on the point of focus on the retina, called makula-or lens in the eye is too fat.

The main dim far is genetic. However, environmental factors can also influence, such as a lack of food nutrition and vitamins, as well as how to read is not true. The position is best to read the sitting position with disandarkan book in front of the eye-not on the table-view with the 33 cm distance from the eye.

"If, while reading the back, then there is a tendency of the work so that the only stimulate one eye damage," said Vidyapati.

Because this is interference refraksi / refraction, the improvement with the improvement of refraction. The most simple is to use glasses. Then occurred the development of bio-medical science, so there are contact lenses that can be placed on the eye.

BUT, not all people feel comfortable using glasses or contact lenses. In line with the development of improvements to the structure of organs, surgical techniques to repair the cornea is also growing. With this technique, people do not need to use glasses or contact lenses.

"Namanya refraktif surgery. Science is the science of refraction is very long. With the development of science, improvement of refraction is now done through surgery," said Vidyapati.

Surgery begins with refraktif phase structure changes as the cornea of most vital organs in the eye, called radial keratotomy (RK).

The second phase, photo refraktif keratotomy (PRK) is operative to change the form of a cornea, but with the help of excimer laser, a form of laser that does not damage the membrane of the cell boundaries. So just remove the cells from one another. There were changes in the cornea of the impact on the improvement of refraction.

Phase three is the development of the cornea changes shape through the technique of laser insitu keratomileusis (lasik). Lasik is a procedure to erase / re-established so that future cornea cornea can better deflect. Akan sharp vision again without assistance contact lenses or glasses.

Re-establishment of cornea with this level of accuracy is very high because the calculation is done with a diagnostic tool terkomputerisasi.

With the tool as a tool orbscan cornea topography-diagnose form of cornea surface-to diagnose and sywave irregularity light into the eye, then the data can be made per individual error refraksi eyes. This data became the input for the laser to form the back surface of the cornea so that the sharp vision. Lasik technique is now more attractive.

In addition to cornea surgery, to improve the refraction can also be operative with the lens, ie, with the siphon and the original lens was replaced with artificial lenses (acrylic). This is called refractive lens exchange.

All the funds are not certainly take a bit. Therefore, the cheapest way to avoid the interference refraksi is to maintain eye health. Mengonsumsi with enough nutritious food and maintain the habit to read since childhood is still

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MUI Fatwa on DBS (multi level marketing)



PT. Future Ambassadors International is seeking forgiveness as big because there are obstacles in the Halal MUI Fatwa for DBS business. Although, according to KH. Maftuh Holil, Chairman of the Council of Fatwa MUI, DBS is a business that is Halal MUI but until now has not issued a fatwa for Halal terkhusus as a company have their personal votes.

We submit the following Halal MUI Fatwa for business Network Marketing & MLM, its limitations halalnya. We insyaallah & Council of the MUI fatwa, DBS is in Halal restriction, please be inspected.

Thanks

TTD,

DFI Management PT.





KEPUTUSAN Fatwa

MUI Fatwa Musyawarah COMMISSION CITY BANDUNG

Tax: 291/MUI-KB/E.1/VII



About



BUSINESS LAW NETWORK MARKETING / MLM


بسم الله الرحمن الر حيم





MUI Fatwa Commission conference in Bandung on MLM Business of Law, after



Considering:

a. That the more variety of products that a company diperjual sale to the public with the MLM system.

b. That therefore, MUI Bandung look to set a fatwa on legal issues in question.



Given:

a. Questions from people about the legal status of MLM business.

b. Opinions and suggestions of the Ulama conference participants.



Given:

1. The problem description as follows:

The simple, in that market a product from a company there are two kinds of ways:

A. Which is a common effect, called the conventional way.

That is take a product to consumers through after at least 4 (four) the following: from factory to distributor, then to the agent, and then to the wholesaler, then to the retailer / store and new to the consumer. When the factory price of Rp. 100,000 so until after the consumer can be Rp. 200,000 or more, to absorb as many costs, such as production costs, promotional costs and other costs.

B. MLM (Multy Level Marketing) or tiered marketing system (Network Marketing)

In this system, a consumer should be able to recruit consumers (network) underneath called Frontline (network / feet first) or upline and downline (network / foot second and so on) and he will receive benefits (Percentage) of each of these spending downline. The more network (downline) then the larger the benefits will be received by it. When able to reach a certain point in accordance the requirements, it will occupy a position and will receive a bonus that has been determined. This cut off above the stages, ie, from the factory directly to the consumer at a time can be a distributor. About the price, but only as excess over the price of the factory will be profitable distributor.



In fact, there are three kinds of forms that are associated with the MLM business:

a. MLM that does not sell products, usually called the money game (game money). Example: The bar offers a motorcycle brand x to make a deposit with only Rp. 2,000,000 should be provided with selectivity of the ten people each have to pay the money of Rp. 2000000 also. He will receive a motorcycle is able to crawl after ten, and if not, then the money is used up. So forth.



b. MLM company, is a company that sells products of others sistern with MLM, which he purchased a product from the factory and then memasarkannya with MLM system. MLM company this sometimes does not lead to a reasonable price (above the market price) and sometimes blurred somewhere to go, so many who have never received a bonus and promised that the network is down again can not develop the network.



c. Companies that market products with tiered system Sales (Network Marketing).

Is a company that sells products with a tiered system, so that each customer in the company is also a distributor. Which will benefit by the amount of network and omzet achieved in accordance with the approved marketing system since the beginning. With the price of the product is quite reasonable.



2. Mu'amalat Islamic principles:

Islamic law is the law-oriented kemaslahatan of magnitude for human life, both individual and community (mashalih al-'ammah). Orientation is the fundamental consideration for any mu'amalat that happens, both for existing, and for a new show that direspon by many people such as Network Marketing / MLM.



Mu'amalat for Islamic halal is built on the following principles:

1. Tabadul al-manafi '(exchange of goods valued manfa'at);

2. 'An taradlin (willingness of both parties who deal with no coercion);

3. 'Adamu al-gharar (not a risky venture that does not clear / transparent),

4. 'Adamu Maysyir (there is no chance such as gambling or ba' i al-yi hashat: send goods with the gravel and hit a shot that had to be purchased, such as buying land or area of gravel pitch with the price agreed, and the ba 'i al-lams yi: goods that are purchased need to be touched),

5. 'Adamu usury (the system does not have interest-bearing),

6. 'Adamu al-gasysy (no trickery), such as al-tathfif (cheating in weighing or menakar),

7. 'Adamu al-najasy (do not bid najasy the goods only to influence other potential buyers so that a higher price),

8. Ta 'awun' ala al-birr wa al-godly (helping in the good and godly),

9. Musyarakah (cooperation).



3. Principle (principium) sale and purchase

a. Ba 'i (the seller);

b. Jupiter (the buyer);

Terms of the seller and the buyer must shah is a (feasible) to do a transaction.

c. Mabi '(goods diperjual the sale).

The requirement that the goods diperjual sale must have manfa'atnya, sacred objects (not excretion) and the lawful use or consumption and / use.



4. Islam allows create conditions / agreement in any transaction that is agreed by all parties, as in the MLM business, not to menghalalkan during the forbidden, or vice versa.



5. Evidence-proof as follows:



A. Allah swt says.:

يآيها الذين آمنوا لا تأكلوا أموالكم بينكم بالباطل إلا أن تكون تجارة عن تراض منكم.



"O people believe, do not eat the wealth of you with a falsehood, except through a trade with the blessing of you."

Q.S. al-Nisa: 29.

وتعاونوا على البر والتقوى ولا تعاونوا على الإثم والعدوان.

"Bertolong-menolonglah you in good and godly, and do not bertolong help in sin and enmity." QS Al-Maarij: 2.

ويل للمطففين. الذين إذا اكتالوا على الناس يستوفون. وإذا كالوهم أو وزنوهم يخسرون.

"Woe to those who are cheating, (is) the people who receive a measure of when the other people they have met, and when they menakar or weigh for others, they reduce." QS al-Muthaffifiin: 1-3.

إنما المؤمنون إخوة فأصلحوا بين أخويكم, واتقوا الله لعلكم ترحمون.

"Those who believe it is relative, then rukunlah among brothers. Bertaqwalah And to Alllah that you find mercy." Q.S. Al-Hujurat: 10.

كى لايكون دولة بين الأغنياء منكم.

"To have the property does not revolve only among the rich are among you." QS al-Hasyr: 7.





B. Word of the Prophet Muhammad saw.:

نهى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم عن بيع الحصاة وعن بيع الغرر.

"He said. Prohibits the sale-purchase with a throw pebbles." HR. Five people perowi hadith except Bukhary from Abu Hurairah Ra.

إن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: من حمل علينا السلاح فليس منا, ومن غشنا فليس منا.

"Surely Allah's Messenger. He said:" Whoever the weapons to us (Muslims) and not our people, and who deceive our people and not our "HR. Muslim from Abu Hurairah Ra.

إن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم مر على صبرة طعام فأدخل يده فيها فنالت أصابعه بللا, فقال: ما هذا يا صاحب الطعام? قال: أصابته السماء يا رسول الله. قال: أفلا جعلته فوق الطعام حتى يراه الناس. من غشنا فليس منا.

"Surely Allah's Messenger. Pass sack of food (wheat), and enter into a sack of hand and finger-touch jemarinya wet, then he asks:" Why is this, O owner of the food? "" Are rainwater, Rasulallah ya! "The owner's food.

Prophet Muhammad saw. He said: "Why do not you keep it wet at the top so that people see. Who are we then not to deceive our people." HR. Muslim from Abu Hurairah Ra.
إن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: لا نتاجشوا

"Surely Allah's Messenger. Has said:" Do not make each other najasy (goods only bid to influence other potential buyers so that a higher price). "HR. Muttafaq 'alaih Ra's Abu Hurairah.
إن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم نهى عن النجش.

"He saw.telah prohibit conduct najasy." HR.Muttafaq 'Umar Ibn alaih of Ra.
عن جابر ر. ع. أنه سمع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول عام الفتح وهو بمكة: إن الله ورسوله حرم بيع الخمر والميتة والخنزير والأصنام. فقيل يا رسول الله: أرأيت شحوم الميتة فإنه يطلى بها السفن ويدهن بها الجلود ويستصبح بها الناس? فقال: لا, هو حرام. ثم قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عند ذلك: قاتل الله اليهود إن الله عز وجل لما حرم عليهم شحومها أجملوه ثم باعوه فأكلوا ثمنه.

"Jabir from Ra. he heard the Messenger of Allah. He said in Makkah in Makkah futuh: "Allah and His Messenger have been forbid to sell khamr, carcass, swine and idols sell. Then there is said:" Yes rasulallah, what about the carcass as fat like whitewash used boats, used oil and skin made by the people? "

"No, it is unlawful." The Apostle.

Then he said again: "God destroy Jews, because when Allah 'Azza wa Jalla forbid carcass fat, and then engineering them to sell and eat the results." HR. Five people perowi hadith.
وفى رواية له, نهى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عن ثمن الكلب ومهر البغي وحلوان الكاهن. وعنه قال: نهى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم عن ثمن الكلب والسنور.
"Still from Jabir Ra." Messenger of Allah. prohibits the sale of food-like dog, wages and wage berdukun intimacy. "And in another narration:" He said. prohibit the sale, and dog-like animals sinnaur. "HR. Five people perowi hadith except Bukhary.
عن أنس ر. ع. قال: لعن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فى الخمر عشرة: عاصرها ومتعصرها وشاربها وحاملها والمحمولة إليه وساقيها وبائعها وآكل ثمنها والمشترى لها والمشترى له.

"Anas from Ra. He said:" He saw.mengutuk ten people in a matter of khamr: the making, that make orders, which meminumnya, which mengangkutnya, which carry menyurruh, penyalurnya, retailer, sales can be a result, buyers and membelikannya. "HR. Tirmidzy and Abu Daud.

أنا ثالث الشريكين مالم يخن أحدهما صاحبه, وإذا خان خرجت من بينهما. رواه أبو داود والحاكم وصححه.

He said in the hadith qudsi: "I was the third (which always accompany the) two people who do cooperation, during one of them does not betray a friend. When he sell out the Akupun out of both." HR. Abu Daud and al-Hakim, shahih.

المسلمون على شروطهم. رواه البخارى.

"People of Islam is bound to the terms / agreements they make." HR. Bukhary.



C. Fiqh rule:

لا ضرر ولا ضرار.

"No memudaratkan and not dimudaratkan (not mutually memudaratakan)."

الحكم المعلق بشرط لا يصح إلا بوجود شرطه.

"Law is associated with a condition / agreement does not then shah unless these requirements already exists."


Decide

By constantly seeking and ridla taufiq and guidance of Allah swt.



Setting:



First:

MLM is the first MLM that does not sell a product called the money game (game money) law forbidden, because the real form of fraud.



Second:

MLM company that is the second MLM companies that sell products other people may be legal, only the prospective customer (prospective members are MLM) should be careful because the price of goods does not become reasonable, and sometimes can go bankrupt.

Third:

MLM is a third of the companies that market products with a tiered selling system on the ruling shah / halal. The existence of the promised bonus, reconcile with ju'alah.



To note:

1. For prospective members, should understand the procedures and regulations in MLM;

2. For anyone should not buy goods that are not necessary because including israf prohibited by Islam.



Wallaahu A'lam bus-Shawaab.



ASSEMBLY Ulama KOTA BANDUNG INDONESIA





KH. Maftuh Kholil

Chairman of Fatwa





References:

1. Al-Qur-an;

2. Shahih Bukhary;

3. Shahih Muslim;

4. Riyadlus Shalihiin: 547-548;

5. Al-Taj al-Jami 'al-Li Ushul Fi Ahaadiits al-Rasuul, Juz II: 198 and 201;

6. al-fiqh al-Islami Wa Adillatuh;

7. AI-Asybah Wa al-Nadha-ir;

8. Books and other fiqh.

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UPGRADE SERVER PULSA DBS was done ON 23 FEBRUARY 2009

UPGRADE SERVER PULSA DBS was done ON 23 FEBRUARY 2009

When this credit transaction on the server DBS trx reach 1.5 million per month. New server has the capacity to 8juta trx / bln. Server Pulsa place so that the DBS as the biggest in Indonesia at this time. Recognition & awards have been given by & Excelcomindo Indosat.

1. U-Tones
Each member of DBS has HP with Symbian operating system, especially pro-Hp Nokia phone, the software will be installed each time the ad where the member receives telfon / sms on his phone, will receive ybs clip ads & deposit balance amount of Rp.100, -. Accumulation of deposit balance will be sent each month end. When the average receive a 15 Telf or sms per day, then within 1 month, ybs will receive the balance of the deposit Rp.45.000, -/bulan. Although ybs not even have a network! So fortunately once a member DBS.

How utones installation in your phone:

1. Make sure you are already a member DBS & phone no that you will use has been registered as an agent DBS.
2. Make sure your Hp & bermerk Nokia has its tersetting gprs
3. click on Http: / / dl.utones.biz: 7000 hp in your browser
4. Download and install software on your phone.
5. Enter your agency phone no password and then the standard of success

For more info, click www.utones.biz


2. SMS GATEAWAY (in process)
Facility is a member can do for DBS Total Subsidy Checks, Checks & Development Network Subsidy Balance Check via sms. So with this facility, will provide convenience to the member to see the development of the business via sms without having to go to the cafe.
Each sms gateaway done by the member, will be considered as 1 credit transaction. So that 1 sms = 1 trx gateaway balance in terms of bonus Royalty Pulsa Sharing & DBS.
With this sms gateway, Royalty Pulsa expected Sharing DBS & Subsidies will be increased up to 2 times.
Gateaway sms using sms center trx no credit for the cost of Rp.350, -/sms.

3. SMS Content / SMS Subscription (in process)
Is a facility for all member DBS may have to subscribe to private sms, which can be accessed by all the member groupnya. To motivate & provide info-info terbaru. By sharing the royalty will be worth Royalty Pulsa.

4. SMS Greetings ULANG YEAR (in process)
Cell DBS server will send congratulatory Birthdays member to all DBS birthday on the day.
This is really simple & seemed trivial, but with this facility, expected to create member loyalty & devotion to the DBS DBS business.

5. FREE SMS (in process)
DBS will work with the Content Profider Free SMS, so that member-member DBS will be able to send free sms via web DBS for sms broadcast to many people for free with some 100 characters, 60 characters containing the remaining ads.

6. Trx PULSA VIA YM (in process)
This feature allows all members to be able to deal DBS via YM with the benefits of faster & cheaper.

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example to mercant card





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what kind of health



Question: What kind of doctor can help find out what caused my baby's birth defect?

Answer: Birth defects are common in our country. Some birth defects are found before birth, some at the time of birth, and some are found during the first year of life. A few don't show up until the child is older. It is common for parents to want to know what caused their baby's birth defect. However, the causes for about 70% birth defects are unknown.

A primary care provider (PCP) usually looks at a child who may have a birth defect. The PCP is most often the child's pediatrician or the family's general physician. PCPs look for important clues in the child's first exam for a birth defect. The first exam includes a lot of questions about history, a physical exam, and sometimes testing. The PCP is trying to find a "diagnosis" (name or cause) for the child's type of birth defect. If a diagnosis cannot be made after the first exam, the PCP may refer the child to a specialist in birth defects and genetics. A clinical geneticist is a doctor with special training to evaluate patients who may have genetic conditions or birth defects. Even if a child sees a specialist, an exact diagnosis may not be reached.

Counseling the family of an infant with a birth defect is a large part of the PCP's job. PCPs may refer parents to a genetic counselor to help parents learn more about their infant's condition. A genetic counselor explains the diagnosis, the possible role of genes, and medical aspects of the birth defect. A genetic counselor can talk with parents about their risk of having future children with a birth defect. He or she also talks with parents about how to lessen their chances of having another baby with birth defects. Counseling can help a family adjust to and plan for their newborn.

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TIPS FOR HEALTHY

10 Essential Health Tips
(The Basics to Practice Every Day)



1. Move More
Make it a daily challenge to find ways to move your body. Climb stairs if given a choice between that and escalators or elevators. Walk your dog; chase your kids; toss balls with friends, mow the lawn. Anything that moves your limbs is not only a fitness tool, it's a stress buster. Think 'move' in small increments of time. It doesn't have to be an hour in the gym or a 45-minute aerobic dance class or tai chi or kickboxing. But that's great when you're up to it. Meanwhile, move more. Thought for the day: Cha, Cha, Cha…. Then do it!

2. Cut Fat
Avoid the obvious such as fried foods, burgers and other fatty meats (i.e. pork, bacon, ham, salami, ribs and sausage). Dairy products such as cheese, cottage cheese, milk and cream should be eaten in low fat versions. Nuts and sandwich meats, mayonnaise, margarine, butter and sauces should be eaten in limited amounts. Most are available in lower fat versions such as substitute butter, fat free cheeses and mayonnaise. Thought for the day: Lean, mean, fat-burning machine…. Then be one!

3. Quit Smoking

The jury is definitely in on this verdict. Ever since 1960 when the Surgeon General announced that smoking was harmful to your health, Americans have been reducing their use of tobacco products that kill. Just recently, we've seen a surge in smoking in adolescents and teens. Could it be the Hollywood influence? It seems the stars in every movie of late smoke cigarettes. Beware. Warn your children of the false romance or 'tough guy' stance of Hollywood smokers. Thought for the day: Give up just one cigarette…. the next one.

4. Reduce Stress
Easier said than done, stress busters come in many forms. Some techniques recommended by experts are to think positive thoughts. Spend 30 minutes a day doing something you like. (i.e.,Soak in a hot tub; walk on the beach or in a park; read a good book; visit a friend; play with your dog; listen to soothing music; watch a funny movie. Get a massage, a facial or a haircut. Meditate. Count to ten before losing your temper or getting aggravated. Avoid difficult people when possible. Thought for the day: When seeing red, think pink clouds….then float on them.

5. Protect Yourself from Pollution

If you can't live in a smog-free environment, at least avoid smoke-filled rooms, high traffic areas, breathing in highway fumes and exercising near busy thoroughfares. Exercise outside when the smog rating is low. Exercise indoors in air conditioning when air quality is good. Plant lots of shrubbery in your yard. It's a good pollution and dirt from the street deterrent. Thought for the day: 'Smoke gets in your eyes'…and your mouth, and your nose and your lungs as do pollutants….hum the tune daily.

6. Wear Your Seat Belt
Statistics show that seat belts add to longevity and help alleviate potential injuries in car crashes. Thought for the day: Buckle down and buckle up.

7. Floss Your Teeth

Recent studies make a direct connection between longevity and teeth flossing. Nobody knows exactly why. Perhaps it's because people who floss tend to be more health conscious than people who don't? Thought for the day: Floss and be your body's boss.

8. Avoid Excessive Drinking
While recent studies show a glass of wine or one drink a day (two for men) can help protect against heart disease, more than that can cause other health problems such as liver and kidney disease and cancer. Thought for the day: A jug of wine should last a long time.

9. Keep a Positive Mental Outlook
There's a definitive connection between living well and healthfully and having a cheerful outlook on life. Thought for the day: You can't be unhappy when you're smiling or singing.

10. Choose Your Parents Well
The link between genetics and health is a powerful one. But just because one or both of your parents died young in ill health doesn't mean you cannot counteract the genetic pool handed you. Thought for the day: Follow these basic tips for healthy living and you can better control your own destiny.

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****HEALT IN ALIEN SHOOTER****




Alien Shooter: Fight for Life Cheat List

* complete level: In game mode enter "cheate" on your keyboard.
* 1000 hp: In game mode enter "cheath" on your keyboard.
* all weapons: In game mode enter "cheatw" on your keyboard.
* 1000 ammo: In game mode enter "cheata" on your keyboard.
* + 50 000 money: In the shop "cheatm" on your keyboard.

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How to Keep Your Heart Healthy




How to Keep Your Heart Healthy


By Michelle Meadows

Sixty-two-year-old Jack Andre says having a heart attack in March 2003 was like getting hit in the head with a baseball bat. "It brought a lot of things to my attention that I never thought about before," he says. He was overweight, didn't exercise, and often ate high-fat foods. But he never connected his lifestyle to his heart.

"Six months before the heart attack, my doctor told me I had borderline high cholesterol and high blood pressure," says Andre, of Rockville, Md. "But I didn't think much of it."

That all changed after he experienced heart attack symptoms--extreme fatigue, dizziness, and back pain. Tests revealed that Andre had three clogged coronary arteries. "Now I walk every day at lunch, eat smaller portions, and I'm a food label reader," he says.

Bonnie Brown, 50, of Baltimore, says she also didn't change her life until she had a heart attack in 1997. "I used to smoke, ate cold-cut subs for breakfast, and had lots of fried foods, all the time, any time," Brown says. But her heart attack--which she initially mistook for a bad case of indigestion--led her to give up cigarettes, improve her diet, and sign up for weekly water aerobics and line dancing classes.

"There's nothing that motivates people like having a heart attack or bypass surgery," says Christopher Cates, M.D., director of vascular intervention at the Emory Heart Center in Atlanta. "I've found that people think that heart disease always happens to someone else, until it happens to them." Experts say that until Americans change their way of thinking from one of damage control to one of proactive prevention, heart disease will remain the No.1 killer of men and women in the United States.

"In many ways, I think we've become insulated by high-tech care," Cates says. "As physicians, we are partners in the health care of our patients, which means we need to educate them about their risk factors for heart disease. And they need to have some sense of ownership about what they can control. They can't simply look to their doctors or to the FDA or to Medicine, and say, 'Cure me, but I'm going to eat fatty foods, smoke, and be sedentary.'"

One of the reasons that some people may shrug off the possibility of developing heart disease is that it's a gradual, lifelong process that people can't see or feel. About the size of a fist, the heart muscle relies on oxygen and nutrients to continually pump blood through the circulatory system. In coronary artery disease, the most common type of heart disease, plaque builds up in the coronary arteries, the vessels that bring oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle. As the walls of the arteries get clogged, the space through which blood flows narrows. This decreases or cuts off the supply of oxygen and nutrients, which can result in chest pain or a heart attack. Damage can result when the supply is cut off for more than a few minutes. It's called a heart attack when prolonged chest pain or symptoms (20 minutes or more) are associated with permanent damage to the heart muscle.

Every year, more than 1 million people have heart attacks, according to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). About 13 million Americans have coronary heart disease, and about half a million people die from it each year.
What's Your Risk Profile?

Risk factors for heart disease are typically labeled "uncontrollable" or "controllable." The main uncontrollable risk factors are age, gender, and a family history of heart disease, especially at an early age.

The risk of heart disease rises as people age, and men tend to develop it earlier. Specifically, men ages 45 and older are at increased risk of heart disease, while women 55 and older are at increased risk. A woman's natural hormones give some level of protection from heart disease before menopause.

"Heart disease presents in women an average of seven to 10 years later than in men," says Patrice Desvigne-Nickens, M.D., leader of cardiovascular medicine at the NHLBI. "But after menopause, women develop heart disease as often as men, and women who have a heart attack don't fare as well as men." Women are more likely than men to die from a heart attack.

Though heart disease is the leading cause of death for both men and women in this country, surveys have shown that many women don't know it, and that they are more worried about cancer, especially breast cancer. "We want women to know that heart disease is not a man's disease. Rather, heart disease is the leading cause of death for women, and heart disease is preventable and treatable," says Desvigne-Nickens.

The NHLBI defines having a family history of early heart disease this way: A father or brother who had heart disease before 55, or a mother or sister who had heart disease before 65. Be sure to tell your doctor if any of your family members have had heart disease. Andre says it was only after he had a heart attack that he learned that he had four uncles who had been diagnosed with coronary artery disease.

Even if you have uncontrollable risk factors for heart disease, it doesn't mean that you can't take steps to limit your risk. Researchers say that controllable risk factors--physical inactivity, smoking, overweight or obesity, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and diabetes--are all major influences on the development and severity of heart disease.

According to Cynthia Tracy, M.D., chief of cardiology at Georgetown University Hospital in Washington, D.C., the best way to combat heart disease is to know the risk factors, "own" the risk factors that apply to you, and address the ones that are controllable. "I think many people can rattle off risk factors, but then they don't internalize them to say: 'That's a risk factor for me. I am at risk for heart disease. And now I'm going to do something about it,'" Tracy says.
Taking Charge of Your Health

Because of advances in medicine and technology, people with heart disease are living longer, more productive lives than ever before. But prevention is still the best weapon in the fight against heart disease. As with anything in life, there are no guarantees. You could do all the right things and still develop heart disease because there are so many factors involved. But by living a healthier life, you could delay heart disease for years or minimize its damage. Whether you are already healthy, are at high risk for heart disease, or have survived a heart attack, the advice to protect your heart is the same.

Get moving and maintain a healthy weight. Exercise improves heart function, lowers blood pressure and blood cholesterol, and boosts energy. And being overweight forces the heart to work harder. But about 1 in 4 U.S. adults are sedentary.

The general recommendation from the NHLBI is to get at least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity on most, and preferably all, days of the week. And you don't need to run a marathon or buy an expensive gym club membership to do it. The 30 minutes also don't have to be done all at once, but can be broken up into 10-minute intervals throughout your day.

"Exercising is like taking the pennies from under the couch cushions and putting them into your piggybank," says Ann Bolger, M.D., a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association (AHA) and a cardiologist in San Francisco. "Every little bit counts."

Vigorous exercise like running or doing aerobics brings more health benefits than lighter intensity activities, but walking is a great form of exercise. Brisk walking can get your heart rate up and give you a solid workout. Walking at a comfortable pace can work well for many people, too. "The best exercise is the one you feel good about and can do over and over again," Bolger says. And it's easier to work exercise into your everyday routine than you might think.

For example, Bolger suggests parking farther away when you go to the grocery store or to your office to create a longer walk, taking the stairs, walking all the way around a mall the next time you go shopping, and walking around your neighborhood. Getting support from a walking buddy or a walking group can be a good way to keep you motivated.

Talk with your doctor about what form of exercise is best for you. Those with severe heart disease, for example, are advised against strenuous exercise.

Desvigne-Nickens suggests that you teach your children early that exercise is fun and good for them. Families can walk together, ride bikes, and chase after balls in a park. "But we have to show them," she says. "Our children are exercising their thumbs with computers and video games, and obesity in childhood is epidemic."

Stick to a nutritious, well-balanced diet. This advice might make you groan if your usual lunch consists of cheeseburgers with french fries or pizza slices topped with sausage. But the good news is that diet isn't an all-or-nothing affair.

A heart-healthy diet means a diet that's low in fat, cholesterol, and salt, and high in fruits, vegetables, grains, and fiber. "But it doesn't mean that you can never have pizza or ice cream again," Bolger says. You could start by telling yourself that you will eat a big leafy green salad first, and then you will have one slice of cheese pizza, not three slices with sausage. "Or if you must have a burger, don't get your usual order of french fries," Bolger suggests. "That alone cuts hundreds of calories."

Experts point out that a heart-healthy diet should be the routine. That way, when you have high-fat food every now and then, you're still on track. Making a high-fat diet the routine is asking for trouble.

Bolger teaches people about the AHA's Simple Solutions program, which helps women--often the ones who do the cooking and grocery shopping--adopt simple ways to improve eating habits for the whole family. For example, it's wise to make a grocery list so that you can carefully plan your meals. "You have to make a conscious decision to make your snack a bag of grapes instead of a candy bar or cookies," Bolger says.
Bolger also asks her patients to tell her the food or food group that gets them into trouble. If you pin that down you can start to make healthy substitutions. Tell Bolger that overloading on ice cream is your downfall and she'll tell you about her recipe for a berry dessert: Use nonfat yogurt, sweeten it up as much as you want with a sugar substitute, add a drop of vanilla extract, microwave frozen strawberries briefly to soften them up, add the berries, stir it all around, and enjoy.

Like exercise, good eating habits need to start early. "Teaching your children to eat well is one of the most loving things you can do for them," Bolger says. Your children tend to follow your lead, eat what you eat, and eat what you put in front of them. It's up to you how often you put a banana in front of them instead of high-fat cookies.

Look at the Nutrition Facts label on the foods you buy for guidance. The general rule of thumb is that foods that provide 5 percent of the daily value (DV) of fat or less are low in fat, and foods that are labeled as providing 20 percent or more of the daily value are high in fat.

Control your blood pressure. About 50 million American adults have high blood pressure, also called hypertension. The top number of a blood pressure reading, called the systolic pressure, represents the force of blood in the arteries as the heart beats. The bottom number, called diastolic pressure, is the force of blood in the arteries as the heart relaxes between beats. High blood pressure makes the heart work extra hard and hardens artery walls, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke.

A blood pressure level of 140 over 90 mm Hg (millimeters of mercury) or higher is considered high. The NHLBI recently set a new "prehypertension" level of any reading above 120 over 80 mm Hg.

Poor eating habits and physical inactivity both contribute to high blood pressure. According to the NHLBI, table salt increases average levels of blood pressure, and this effect is greater in some people than in others.

The National Institutes of Health's DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) is rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy foods, and low in total and saturated fat. The DASH diet also reduces red meat, sweets, and sugary drinks, and it's rich in potassium, calcium, magnesium, fiber, and protein.

It's important to keep on top of your blood pressure levels through regular doctor visits. High blood pressure disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minority groups, including blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians/Alaska Natives. The condition is known as a silent killer because there are no symptoms. If lifestyle changes alone don't bring your blood pressure within the normal range, medications may also be needed.

Recent NHLBI research has shown that older, less costly diuretics work better than newer medicines to treat high blood pressure. These findings, part of the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT), were published in the Dec. 18, 2002, issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

Control blood cholesterol. Cholesterol is a fat-like substance in the blood. High levels of triglycerides, another form of fat in the blood, can also indicate heart disease risk.

As with blood pressure, eating a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet and engaging in physical activity can lower cholesterol levels. Your body turns saturated fats into cholesterol. And the higher your cholesterol level, the more likely it is that the substance will build up and stick to artery walls.

The only way to find out your cholesterol levels is to go to a doctor and have a blood test after fasting for nine to 12 hours. A lipoprotein profile will reveal your total cholesterol, which is measured in milligrams (mg) of cholesterol per deciliter (dL) of blood. Total cholesterol less than 200 mg/dL is desirable, 200-239 mg/dL is borderline high, and 240 mg/dL or more is high.

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), also known as "bad cholesterol," should be less than 100 mg/dL. A level of 100-129 mg/dL is near optimal/above optimal, 130-159 mg/dL is borderline high, 160-189 mg/dL is high, and 190 mg/dL and above is very high.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL), also known as "good cholesterol," protects the arteries from bad cholesterol buildup, so the higher the HDL, the better. HDL levels of 60 mg/dL or more help lower heart disease risk, and an HDL level of less than 40 mg/dL is considered low.

People ages 20 and older should have cholesterol measured at least once every five years. If lifestyle changes alone don't adequately budge cholesterol levels, medications may be needed.

Experts say the drug class known as "statins" marks a significant advance in preventing heart disease. These drugs work by partially blocking the synthesis of cholesterol in the liver, which helps remove cholesterol from the blood. Along with lowering cholesterol, statins help stabilize blood vessel membranes. Examples include Lescol (fluvastatin), Pravachol (pravastatin), Zocor (simvastatin), and Lipitor (atorvastatin). The most recent addition to this class, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals' Crestor (rosuvastatin), was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in August 2003. Even with drug treatment, a cholesterol-lowering diet and exercise are still recommended.
Heart-Smart Substitutions
INSTEAD OF: DO THIS:
whole or 2 percent milk and cream use 1 percent or skim milk
fried foods eat baked, steamed, boiled, broiled, or microwaved foods
lard, butter, palm and coconut oils cook with unsaturated vegetable oils such as corn, olive, canola, safflower, sesame, soybean, sunflower, or peanut
fatty cuts of meat eat lean cuts of meat or cut off the fatty parts
one whole egg in recipes use two egg whites
sauces, butter, and salt season vegetables with herbs and spices
regular hard and processed cheeses eat low-fat, low-sodium cheeses
salted potato chips choose low-fat, unsalted tortilla and potato chips and unsalted pretzels and popcorn
sour cream and mayonnaise use plain low-fat yogurt, low-fat cottage cheese, or low-fat or "light" sour cream

Prevent and manage diabetes. About 17 million people in the United States have diabetes, and heart disease is the leading cause of death of those with the disease. According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), 2 out of 3 people with diabetes die from heart disease or stroke.

Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not properly produce or use insulin. Insulin is a hormone needed to convert sugar, starches, and other nutrients into energy. Another 16 million Americans have pre-diabetes, a condition in which blood glucose levels are higher than normal, but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes. Genetics and lifestyle factors such as obesity and physical inactivity can lead to diabetes.

One in three people who have diabetes don't know they have it. See a doctor if you have any diabetes symptoms, which include frequent urination, excessive thirst, extreme hunger, unusual weight loss, increased fatigue, irritability, and blurry vision.

Quit smoking. Ditch the cigarettes and you'll dramatically lower your heart attack risk. And if you don't smoke, don't start. Along with raising your risk of lung cancer and other diseases, the mixture of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke increases the risk that your arteries will harden, which restricts blood flow to the heart.

Smokers have more than twice the risk of having a heart attack as non-smokers. According to the AHA, smoking is the biggest risk factor for sudden cardiac death, and smokers who have a heart attack are more likely to die than non-smokers who have a heart attack.

In the first year that you stop smoking, your risk of coronary heart disease drops sharply, according to the NHLBI. And over time, your risk will gradually return to that of someone who has never smoked.

Minimize stress. After having a heart attack in 1987, Dennis Everett, 61, retired early from a high-stress job and moved with his wife, Joyce, from Vienna, Va., to Berkeley Springs, W.Va.--a rural resort town that gives Everett a relaxing life.

Stress management was a major part of Everett's recovery, which also included improving his diet, going for daily walks, and giving up smoking. "I couldn't have done it without the support of my wife," he says. "Spouses also have a big adjustment."

The link between stress and heart disease isn't completely clear, but what's known for sure is that stress speeds up the heart rate. And people with heart disease are more likely to have a heart attack during times of stress.

Everett was serving as coach for a girls' softball team when the pain he had been experiencing in his left arm for a few days became unbearable. "It hurt so bad that I had to hold my left arm up with my right one," he says. He happened to mention his symptoms to a player's father, a dentist. "He told me, 'I hate to tell you this, but those are the signs of a heart attack,'" Everett says. "That's when we called 911."

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